ABS: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) ndi pulasitiki yemwe ndi terpolymer, polima wopangidwa ndi ma monomers atatu osiyana. ABS imapangidwa ndi ma polymerizing styrene ndi acrylonitrile pamaso pa polybutadiene. Acrylonitrile ndimapangidwe opanga opangidwa ndi propylene ndi ammonia pomwe butadiene ndi petroleum hydrocarbon, ndipo styrene monomer imapangidwa ndi kutaya madzi m'thupi kwa ethyl benzene. Dehydrogenation ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuchotsa hydrogen kuchokera ku organic molekyulu ndipo ndiyosiyana ndi hydrogenation. Dehydrogenation imasintha ma alkanes, omwe amakhala opanda mphamvu ndipo motero otsika mtengo, amakhala ma olefini (kuphatikiza ma alkenes), omwe amakhala otakasuka motero ndi ofunika kwambiri. Njira zopangira madzi m'thupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti apange aromatics ndi styrene m'makampani opanga petrochemical. Pali mitundu iwiri: Imodzi ndiyokuchotsa mawonekedwe ndipo inayo ndi thermoplastic yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Zopangidwa ndi ABS nthawi zambiri zimakhala theka la styrene ndi zina zonse pakati pa butadiene ndi acrylonitrile. ABS imagwirizana bwino ndi zinthu zina monga polyvinylchloride, polycarbonate, ndi polysulphone. Kusakanikirana uku kumapereka mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi ntchito.

M'mbuyomu, ABS idapangidwa koyamba pa WWII m'malo mwa mphira. Ngakhale sizinali zofunikira pantchitoyi, idapezeka kwambiri pazogulitsa zam'ma 1950. Masiku ano ABS imagwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu lazosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza zoseweretsa. Mwachitsanzo, mabulogu a LEGO® amapangidwa chifukwa ndi opepuka komanso okhazikika. Kuumba kotentha kumathandizanso kuti gloss ndi kutentha kwa zinthu zisamaumbike pamatenthedwe otsika kumapangitsa kukana kwamphamvu komanso mphamvu.

ABS ndi yopanda tanthauzo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ilibe kutentha kwenikweni koma kutentha kwa galasi komwe kuli pafupifupi 105◦C kapena 221◦F. Imakhala ndi kutentha kosalekeza kotumizira kuyambira -20◦C mpaka 80◦C (-4◦F mpaka 176◦ F). Imakhala yoyaka ikakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri monga kotentha ndi lawi lotseguka. Choyamba chimasungunuka, kenako chithupsa, kenako nkupsa ndi moto woyaka moto pomwe pulasitiki imatuluka. Ubwino wake ndikuti imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndipo imawonetsa kulimba ngakhale kutentha pang'ono. Chosavuta china ndikuti kuyaka ABS kumapangitsa kuti pakhale utsi wambiri.

ABS imagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala. Amatsutsa amadzimadzi amadzimadzi, alkalis, ndi phosphoric acid, ophatikizika ndi ma hydrochloric alcohol ndi nyama, masamba ndi mchere wamafuta. Koma ABS imazunzidwa kwambiri ndi zosungunulira zina. Kukumana kwakanthawi ndi zonunkhira zonunkhira, ma ketoni ndi ma esters sikupereka zotsatira zabwino. Ili ndi kuchepa kwa nyengo. ABS ikawotcha, imatulutsa utsi wambiri. Dzuwa limanyozanso ABS. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake mu batani lomasulira lamba pampando kunapangitsa zokumbukira zazikulu komanso zotsika mtengo kwambiri m'mbiri ya US. ABS imagonjetsedwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza ma acid ochulukirapo, kuchepetsa acid ndi alkalis. Imagwira bwino ndi ma hydrocarboni onunkhira komanso a halogenated.

Makhalidwe ofunikira kwambiri a ABS ndikoletsa-kukana komanso kulimba. Komanso ABS imatha kukonzedwa kotero kuti mawonekedwe ake akhale owala. Opanga matoyi amagwiritsa ntchito chifukwa cha izi. Zachidziwikire, monga tanenera, m'modzi mwa ogwiritsa ntchito ABS ndi LEGO® chifukwa cha zidole zawo zokongola, zonyezimira. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zida zoimbira, mitu yamakalabu a gofu, zida zamankhwala zopezera magazi, chovala choteteza kumutu, mabwato amadzi oyera, katundu, ndi zikwama zonyamula.

Kodi ABS ndi poizoni?

ABS ilibe vuto lililonse chifukwa ilibe ma carcinogens, ndipo palibe zovuta zodziwika zokhudzana ndi kufalikira kwa ABS. Izi zati, ABS nthawi zambiri siyabwino pazomera zamankhwala.

Kodi katundu wa ABS ndi chiyani?

ABS ndi yolimba kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu monga nyumba zamakamera, nyumba zotetezera, ndi ma CD. Ngati mukufuna pulasitiki yotsika mtengo, yolimba, yolimba yomwe imagwirizana bwino ndi zovuta zakunja, ABS ndibwino.